{"id":6299,"date":"2024-01-17T14:07:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-17T13:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lecercledeseconomistes.fr\/articles\/%cat-post-theme%\/ai-work-new-technologies-what-are-the-prospects\/"},"modified":"2024-03-29T16:39:45","modified_gmt":"2024-03-29T15:39:45","slug":"ai-work-new-technologies-what-are-the-prospects","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/lecercledeseconomistes.fr\/en\/articles\/industry-innovation\/ai-work-new-technologies-what-are-the-prospects\/","title":{"rendered":"AI, work, new technologies: what are the prospects?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group section-content-layout-without-cover is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"block--post-meta\" >\n\n    <ul class=\"block--post-meta-list\">\n\n        \n            <li>\n                <p class=\"style-p-secondary-bold\">date<\/p>\n                <time datetime=\"2024-01-17T14:07:00+01:00\"class=\"style-p-secondary-normal\">17 janvier 2024<\/time>\n            <\/li>\n\n            <li>\n                <p class=\"style-p-secondary-bold\">update<\/p>\n                <time datetime=\"2024-03-29T16:39:45+01:00\" class=\"style-p-secondary-normal\">29 mars 2024 \u00e0 16:39<\/time>\n            <\/li>\n\n            \n            \n            \n            \n\n            \n                <li>\n                    <p class=\"style-p-secondary-bold\">reading time<\/p>\n                                        <p class=\"style-p-secondary-normal\">4 minutes<\/p> \n                <\/li>\n\n            \n\n        \n        \n    <\/ul>\n\n    \n        \n        <div class=\"container-post-social-share\">\n\n            \n<div 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14.1928 15.7817 14.0132C15.7087 13.8336 15.6002 13.6703 15.4634 13.5329C15.3265 13.3955 15.1637 13.2867 14.9844 13.2129C14.805 13.1391 14.6129 13.1018 14.4189 13.1032C14.005 13.0978 13.6058 13.2566 13.3086 13.5448C13.0114 13.833 12.8404 14.2272 12.833 14.6412C12.816 15.8412 12.8332 17.0412 12.8252 18.2482C12.8252 18.7912 12.8952 18.7332 12.3252 18.7362C11.7552 18.7392 11.1838 18.7362 10.5918 18.7362V11.1462H12.8198V12.1112C12.9688 11.9552 13.0519 11.8742 13.1279 11.7882C14.1279 10.6732 17.1092 10.5882 17.9092 12.5482C18.0427 12.863 18.1176 13.1994 18.1309 13.5412Z\" fill=\"#5B5B5B\"\/>\n<path class=\"three\"d=\"M8.09164 7.27812C8.36496 7.27255 8.63415 7.34853 8.86411 7.49635C9.09406 7.64417 9.27472 7.85713 9.38315 8.10808C9.49157 8.35903 9.52247 8.63659 9.4725 8.90535C9.42253 9.17412 9.29376 9.4219 9.10239 9.61711C8.91101 9.81232 8.66601 9.94611 8.39829 10.0014C8.13056 10.0567 7.85251 10.031 7.59946 9.92755C7.34641 9.82413 7.12974 9.64767 6.97739 9.42069C6.82504 9.19371 6.74385 8.92649 6.74399 8.65312C6.73999 8.47373 6.77175 8.29535 6.83774 8.12849C6.90373 7.96163 7.00265 7.80966 7.12827 7.68153C7.25388 7.5534 7.40367 7.4517 7.56918 7.38242C7.7347 7.31314 7.91221 7.27767 8.09164 7.27812Z\" fill=\"#5B5B5B\"\/>\n<path class=\"four\"d=\"M9.22314 11.1509V18.7169H7V11.1509H9.22314Z\" fill=\"#5B5B5B\"\/>\n<\/svg>            <\/a>\n\n        <\/li>\n        \n<\/ul>\n\n  \n    \n    \n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p><strong>If we had to pick just one piece of tech news in 2023, it&#8217;s a safe bet that most of us would cite ChatGPT. How can we analyze this irruption of generative AI into our daily lives, starting with our work? Is it a flash in the pan or the beginnings of a sustainable transformation? We asked Luc Julia, one of the designers of the Siri voice assistant.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer is-style-spacer-normal\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-17ba05b6caf440a79e300824e933e8c2\">This article is excerpted from the first issue of <em>the journal Mermoz<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/lecercledeseconomistes.fr\/medias\/publications\/travail-rebattre-les-cartes\/\">&#8220;Work: Reshuffling the Cards&#8221;.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer is-style-spacer-normal\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Is AI a positive revolution for work?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer is-style-spacer-medium\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Luc Julia<\/strong> : AI is not a revolution: the only real revolution is that of 1789. In addition, there are AIs, there is not just one AI. On the other hand, we can talk about the evolution of AI, because it has been evolving for 67 years. The evolution of generative AI is very interesting because it carries even more data. When it comes to these AIs, the real revolution is in the ability to use the tool. And again! The revolution is not so much in the &#8220;GPT&#8221; (<em>Generative Pre-trained Transformer<\/em>) part as in the &#8220;chat&#8221; part, i.e. we can now easily access AI, through natural language. Being able to easily maintain a dialogue with AI: this is the revolution, which makes AI accessible to everyone, without the need to know how to code. It can also be a source of potential danger with good or bad uses such as, for example, the fact of generating false images ( <em>deep fakes<\/em>). In the world of work, again, this is not a revolution but an evolution because once again AIs are easy to access. This tool can be used in a very simple way to iterate and reiterate. This can be true for designers like HR, procurement, or any of the support functions of every company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer is-style-spacer-medium\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>We hear that AI can be both a source of significant productivity gains in the workplace and a source of risks. How can we measure these productivity gains and risks in the short and long term?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer is-style-spacer-medium\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L.J.<\/strong> It&#8217;s not easy to answer the question because we don&#8217;t have much hindsight. However, it is clear that all the previous tools have been a source of productivity gains because we are going faster in what we can do than before. This is true if we compare, for example, Photoshop with what you could do with paper and pencil; this is also true for generative AIs that can generate drawings. We can see that there are not only productivity gains, there are also quality gains. When it comes to risks, there are of course because these powerful tools can be used for anything. In addition, generative AIs don&#8217;t know everything, they can generate &#8220;hallucinations&#8221;, errors. For example, if you ask an AI to generate the biography of a well-known person, you may find a lot of errors. These hallucinations, or the act of inventing an answer, can happen frequently because these AIs are meant to give an answer no matter what. When it comes to work, there may be a risk that the work rendered will be very poor. For example, a lawyer asked ChatGPT to generate a plea that was totally false because the cited case law did not exist. Apart from ChatGPT, other generative AIs include Midjourney and DALL-E, which do not generate text but images. They are multimodal and all the more numerous as developer communities develop them in open source. Because the other characteristic of these AIs is that they can do fine tuning. By ingesting our data, AIs will become specialists with much finer levels of relevance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer is-style-spacer-medium\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What sectoral impacts can we expect if the uses of AI were to expand significantly in the next 10 years?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer is-style-spacer-medium\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L.J.<\/strong> It is not a question of improvising as Madame Irma, but of plunging our gaze into history and entrusting ourselves to Schumpeter. We have to be very careful when we talk about job cuts, because they are not necessarily linked to the emergence of a new technology. In fact, it can be the opposite. For example, our industry disappeared precisely because we didn&#8217;t want to robotize. This makes it difficult to make a prognosis. For the sectors that would be most affected by generative AI, we can certainly mention support functions, i.e. jobs where documents must be produced. It is clear that we are no longer talking about workers or robotics!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer is-style-spacer-medium\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>On the contrary, it is less manual, more intellectual jobs that can be affected. But it can also go in the right direction, and this is particularly the case with cobotics, through which AI becomes the assistant of humans, who work in cooperation with robots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer is-style-spacer-medium\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>By intruding into the lives of animal <em>laborans<\/em>, does AI offer a greater horizon of happiness to humans?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer is-style-spacer-medium\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L.J.<\/strong> Yes, because technology is there to help us. It is important to be aware of both the benefits of technology and its limitations. It&#8217;s the man &#8220;who&#8217;s evil,&#8221; not the technology. It is humans who target the applications of technologies: they are good or bad depending on what you want to do with them. In terms of linking AI and reducing working hours, you can&#8217;t really do that. Let&#8217;s take the example of journalists, who are far from being replaced: they have even more opportunity to show the quintessence of what they know, i.e. to verify and recheck information. Investigation is emphasized even more because it becomes almost more difficult to find the truth. So, on net, there will be a lot more work for journalists!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":5068,"parent":0,"template":"wp-custom-template-single-post-classic","cat-post-theme":[158,138],"cat-post-type":[135],"cat-blog-event-media-type-serie":[],"class_list":["post-6299","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","cat-post-theme-industry-innovation","cat-post-theme-jobs-skills","cat-post-type-news"],"acf":{"is_featured_post":false,"display_twitter_hastags":false,"twitter_hastags":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>AI, work, new technologies: what are the prospects? - Le cercle des \u00e9conomistes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lecercledeseconomistes.fr\/en\/articles\/industry-innovation\/ai-work-new-technologies-what-are-the-prospects\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AI, work, new technologies: what are the prospects? - Le cercle des \u00e9conomistes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"If we had to pick just one piece of tech news in 2023, it&#8217;s a safe bet that most of us would cite ChatGPT. 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How can we analyze this irruption of generative AI into our daily lives, starting with our work? Is it a flash in the pan or the beginnings of a sustainable transformation? 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